Metais resistentes a desgaste de alta liga: Resistente a alta temperatura e corrosão

Metais resistentes a desgaste de alta liga: Resistente a alta temperatura e corrosão

Visão geral

Corrosion-resistant metals are widely used in industries like cooking, aeroespacial, e energia. Esses metais fornecem resistência estrutural, resistência ao calor, e proteção superior contra corrosão. Abaixo está uma análise de alguns metais comuns resistentes ao desgaste e suas propriedades.

1. Aço inoxidável

Stainless steel is a group of alloys with varying corrosion resistance. A thin chromium oxide layer forms on the surface, enhancing protection.

Categories of Stainless Steel

• Austenitic Stainless Steel
  • Known as the 300 série (por exemplo, 304, 316).
  • Contains ~18% chromium and 8% níquel.
  • 316 is the most corrosion-resistant.
  • Commonly used in industrial applications.
• Martensitic Stainless Steel
  • Part of the 400 série (por exemplo, 420UM).
  • Higher carbon content increases hardness but reduces corrosion resistance compared to the 300 série.
• Ferritic Stainless Steel
  • Also part of the 400 série (por exemplo, 430UM).
  • Até 27% chromium provides elasticity; low carbon enhances strength.

Aço Inoxidável Duplex

Duplex steels combine ferrite and austenite phases for high strength and corrosion resistance. As notas comuns incluem:

• 2205 (22% cromo, 5% níquel, 3% molibdênio).
• S32750 (25% cromo, 7% níquel, 4% molibdênio).

2. High-Temperature Alloys

These alloys are designed for strength and corrosion resistance under extreme heat, often used in aerospace and energy industries.

Types of High-Temperature Alloys

• Nickel Superalloys: Forte, resistente à corrosão, and cost-effective.
• Cobalt Superalloys: Resistant to high temperatures and hot corrosion.
• Iron Superalloys: Affordable, forte, and corrosion-resistant.

3. Aluminum

Aluminum forms a protective oxide layer, making it corrosion-resistant. No entanto, resistance varies across grades.

Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum Grades

• 1xxx Series: 99% pure aluminum; excellent corrosion resistance in normal environments.
• 3xxx Series: Manganese-alloyed; ductile and suitable for cold-forming applications.
• 5xxx Series: Magnesium-alloyed; strong and resistant to similar environments as 3xxx.

4. Copper Alloys

Copper alloys are corrosion-resistant and often used to enhance the properties of other metals.

Common Copper Alloys

• Bronze: Copper-tin alloy; resists seawater corrosion.
• Brass: Copper-zinc alloy; adding tin improves corrosion resistance, enquanto mais zinco o reduz.

5. Titânio

O titânio é leve, forte, and corrosion-resistant. Uma camada de óxido passivo protege-o e reforma-se rapidamente se for danificado.

Principais recursos

• Resistente a soluções de cloro.
• Comumente usado em aplicações químicas, como a indústria de cloro e álcalis.