Classes de aço para resistência ao desgaste
Wear resistance steel grades include several major systems such as AR series, NM Series, high manganese steels, chromium carbide overlay plates, and tool steel-based wear materials.
These grades are classified mainly by hardness and performance level, ranging from medium wear resistance steels like AR400 and NM400 to extreme wear-resistant materials like AR500, NM500, and overlay plates.
- Descrição
Wear resistance steel grades refer to a classification of steels designed to resist abrasion, impacto, and surface degradation in industrial environments. These grades are mainly defined by their nível de dureza, composição da liga, and heat treatment process, and are widely used in mining, cimento, aço, geração de energia, e indústrias de manuseio de materiais a granel.
Different grades are selected based on the severity of wear conditions—from light abrasion to extreme impact and sliding wear.
Main Categories of Wear Resistance Steel Grades
Wear-resistant steels are generally divided into five major groups:
1. Série AR (Abrasion Resistant Steel Plates)
This is the most widely used international wear steel system.
| Nota | Dureza (HBW) | Application Level |
|---|---|---|
| AR400 | ~360–440 | Desgaste médio + alto impacto |
| AR450 | ~420–480 | Desgaste médio-pesado |
| AR500 | ~470–540 | Abrasão severa |
| AR600 | 570+ | Extreme wear conditions |
Principais recursos:
- Aço temperado e revenido
- Dureza e tenacidade equilibradas
- Widely used in heavy industry
2. NM Series (Wear Resistant Steel – China Standard)
NM series steels are commonly used in industrial fabrication markets.
| Nota | Dureza (HBW) | Application Level |
|---|---|---|
| NM360 | ~320–400 | Light wear |
| NM400 | ~370–430 | Aplicações de desgaste geral |
| NM450 | ~420–480 | Desgaste médio-pesado |
| NM500 | ~470–540 | Severe wear environments |
Principais recursos:
- Stable hardness performance
- Solução econômica
- Widely used in engineering equipment
3. High Manganese Steel Grades (Work-Hardening Steel)
| Nota | Tipo | Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| MN13 | Austenitic manganese steel | Work hardening under impact |
| MN18 | Higher manganese content | Improved wear resistance |
Principais recursos:
- Low initial hardness
- Extremely high impact resistance
- Becomes harder during operation
4. Sobreposição de carboneto de cromo (CCO) Pratos
A composite wear-resistant system rather than a solid steel grade.
| Estrutura | Função |
|---|---|
| Base steel | Resistência estrutural |
| Chromium carbide layer | Extrema resistência ao desgaste |
Principais recursos:
- Very high surface hardness (55–65+ HRC)
- Excelente resistência à abrasão deslizante
- Not suitable for bending or forming
5. Tool Steel Based Wear Grades
| Nota | Recurso | Aplicativo |
|---|---|---|
| D2 | High carbon, high chromium | Cutting and wear tools |
| A2 | Air-hardening steel | Industrial tooling |
Principais recursos:
- Dureza muito alta
- Limited structural use
- Used for precision wear parts
Wear Resistance Levels Explained
Wear resistance is generally related to hardness:
| Nível de dureza | Resistência ao desgaste | Nota Típica |
|---|---|---|
| Baixo (200–300 peso corporal) | Baixo | Carbon steel |
| Médio (300–400 HBW) | Médio | NM360 / AR400 |
| Alto (400–500 HBW) | Alto | AR450 / NM450 |
| Muito alto (500+ HBW) | Extremo | AR500 / NM500 |
How Wear Steel Grades Are Selected
Selection depends on working conditions:
1. Impact Dominated Conditions
- Baldes de escavadeira
- Crusher applications
- Recommended: AR400, MN13
2. Abrasion Dominated Conditions
- Sistemas transportadores
- Chutes e funis
- Recommended: AR450, AR500, NM450
3. Extreme Wear Conditions
- Trituradores de mineração
- Cement grinding systems
- Recommended: AR500, NM500, Placas CCO
Why Different Wear Grades Are Needed
Different industries require different balances of:
- Dureza (resistência ao desgaste)
- Resistência (Resistência ao impacto)
- Fabrication performance
- Eficiência de custos
No single grade can perform best in all conditions.
Advantages of Wear Resistance Steel Grades
- Wide range of hardness options
- Suitable for different industrial environments
- Longa vida útil sob condições adversas
- Reduces equipment maintenance cost
- Flexible fabrication options
