Накладная пластина
In an накладная пластина, тот наплавочный слой сварного шва is the engineered hardfacing surface that provides wear resistance far beyond standard steel. By metallurgically bonding a hard alloy layer to a ductile steel base, the plate achieves both durability and structural strength. The result is a long-lasting material solution that significantly reduces downtime and maintenance costs in abrasive environments.
- Описание
Ан накладная пластина, также известный как износостойкая пластина с наплавкой, is a composite material made by welding a layer of wear-resistant alloy onto a steel base plate. The слой наложения (or weld layer) is the most critical part of the plate, as it determines the hardness, износостойкость, and overall service performance of the product.
What Is the Weld Overlay Layer?
The наплавочный слой сварного шва is a surface coating formed by металлургическое соединение between a base plate (usually mild steel) and a deposited hardfacing alloy. It is created through automatic welding processes such as open-arc welding, submerged-arc welding, or plasma arc welding. During the welding process, high heat melts both the base metal surface and the added alloy material, allowing them to fuse together and form a strong, permanent bond.
Inside the overlay, the alloy elements—primarily хром (Кр) и углерод (С)—combine to produce твердые карбиды такие как Cr₇C₃. These carbides are extremely hard and evenly distributed within the iron matrix, giving the overlay its exceptional resistance to abrasion, эрозия, и влияние.
Typical Properties of the Overlay Layer
| Параметр / Свойство | Типичный диапазон / Описание | Function and Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Химический состав | 25–35% Cr, 4–6% C (depending on alloy grade) | Forms hard chromium carbides for high wear resistance. |
| Твердость (СПЧ) | 58–65 HRС | Provides superior surface hardness against sliding and impact wear. |
| Тип склеивания | Metallurgical bond between overlay and base steel | Ensures no delamination during service. |
| Толщина наложения | 3–10 мм | Adjustable based on wear severity and application. |
| Процесс сварки | Open-arc / Submerged arc / Plasma arc | Controls layer uniformity and minimizes dilution. |
| Микроструктура | Carbide phase distributed in martensitic or austenitic matrix | Provides balanced hardness and toughness. |
| Dilution Ratio | <15% | Keeps overlay properties consistent and wear-resistant. |
Function of the Weld Overlay Layer
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Wear Protection: The overlay serves as a barrier against abrasive particles, жижа, or impact forces.
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Теплостойкость: Maintains hardness up to 600°C, suitable for high-temperature operations.
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Коррозионная стойкость: The high chromium content provides moderate corrosion resistance in acidic or oxidizing environments.
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Ремонтопригодность: Damaged surfaces can be re-welded with compatible hardfacing alloys, extending plate life.
Типичные применения
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Горнодобывающее и карьерное оборудование (водопад, бункеры, дробилки)
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Cement and power plant components (циклоны, фанаты, лайнеры)
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Steel industry machinery (sinter screens, передаточные желоба)
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Agricultural and construction machinery (ведра, лезвия)
